Abu AbdAllah Al-Wasabi Al-Habashi                                         
Abu AbdAllah wrote a famous book:

 

By Albaraka he meant prosperity/growth, fadl is advantage, Saee meant effort while Haraka is mobility. Abu AbdAllah greatly emphasized on the importance of work.

Induction is dependent on observations. So by making observations he observed that some people tend to imitate the eich people who are not working. Although such imitators were wrong, he proved that those people who were healthy and yet not working were committing a sin. Allah questions those who do not have their own means of living. He was very keen to combine the religious worship and other work involving earning.

Abu AbdAllah also made no distinction between men and women. He said that women should work and the best work for them is the work of their home- preparing food, stiching clothes and taking care of children and husband. It is now that in the 20th century that we studied in modern economics that such work should be included in national income of the country. This is because if  women do not do the work at home than they will otherwise have to hire someone else  to do these jobs at home. This would be an additional cost.

He also mentioned that women should have a craft at home and not just limit their work to the house chores. The jobs at home are supposed to be handled both by husband and wife and it is not just the responsibility of the one. Women should have a craft at home like Syeda Fatima Al Zuhra (R.A.) did. She use to get wool , weave it and Syedena Ali (R.A.) would sell it in the market. Women can also work in the market but while following the Sharia rules (i.e. not mixing with the non-mehrams). Abu AbdAllah also mentioned a saying of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH): 

 

 "Whoever gets income from any activity (Halal) should stick to it."

This Hadith could mean that no mobility is allowed, but it actually means that you should not be unemployed voluntarily, but keep working. So voluntary and frictional unemployment is disliked in Islam.

Abu AbdAllah said that one should aim at mobility rather than rigidity. So one should keep on working in a job as long as it gives good income. But if you find a better job than you should shift (without being unemployed). This would lead to the best allocation of resources.

He also talked about sources of income which are:

  • Agricultural

  • Industrial

  • Trade

Industry meant anything outside the agricultural sector and not trade. The mercantalists believed that trade is the best activity. Adam Smith emphasized on the importance of industry and then agriculture. According to a Hadith, the best income is through work done by hand. So Abu AbdAllah said that agriculture and industry are the best. Agriculture is important for the survival and it provides certain materials for the industry.

The Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him ) said while pointing at a plough:

Nothing would enter the home of this but humiliation.

At another place the Prophet (PBUH) said:

The best of capital used is a plough and a mare that would regularly give birth to horses.

The first Hadith actually means that over dependance on agriculture would not be beneficial. There needs to be a balance between agriculture and industrialization.

AbuAbdAllah also very beautifully define happiness  . Material welfare is connected with the pleasure and not necessarily with the needs. So would mean welfare in the Islamic sense. He said that happiness in this world and Hereafter comes after completing all duties in full accordance with Sharia and spending life according to the Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH). This is the basis of happiness. After this there needs to be a place to live and a piece of land which gives sufficient produce. A momon wife and a son who is mubarak and who plays with you, also a good neighbour who does not cause harm to you and a servant who works for you and beyond that you don't need anything else.

Abu AbdAllah has positivism in his ideas. He has very rightfully determined these major factors of happiness. He also comments about sufficiency. Necessity is calling for food, shelter and furniture. If you consider food than a handfull of flour and other food items are enough. He was the first who defined happiness.